We are looking for an experienced, qualified Painter & Decorator for an upcoming commercial site project.Job DetailsLocation: AmbleStart Date: 15th June 2026Duration: 3 Months (Expected)Hours: 39 hours per week (Monday to Friday)Pay Rate: £20 CISKey RequirementsMust hold a valid CSCS Card - Blue (Skilled Worker) or Gold (Advanced Craft/Supervisor) with your specific Painting & Decorating trade listed on the back.Full time-served experience in commercial an
We are looking for an experienced, qualified Painter & Decorator for an upcoming commercial site project.Job DetailsLocation: AmbleStart Date: 15th June 2026Duration: 3 Months (Expected)Hours: 39 hours per week (Monday to Friday)Pay Rate: £20 CISKey RequirementsMust hold a valid CSCS Card - Blue (Skilled Worker) or Gold (Advanced Craft/Supervisor) with your specific Painting & Decorating trade listed on the back.Full time-served experience in commercial an
Roofing Contracts ManagerPosition: Roofing Contracts ManagerLocation: North East England (Regional coverage)Salary: £60,000 per annum + Company CarEmployment Type: Full-time, PermanentThe OpportunityAre you an experienced Roofing Contracts Manager looking to step into a secure, permanent role with a highly respected contractor?We are currently partnering with a well-established specialist contractor operating across the North East to find a dedicated Contr
Roofing Contracts ManagerPosition: Roofing Contracts ManagerLocation: North East England (Regional coverage)Salary: £60,000 per annum + Company CarEmployment Type: Full-time, PermanentThe OpportunityAre you an experienced Roofing Contracts Manager looking to step into a secure, permanent role with a highly respected contractor?We are currently partnering with a well-established specialist contractor operating across the North East to find a dedicated Contr
Job Title: Construction Tutor (T-Levels)Location: Durham (On-site)Pay Rate: £30.00 - £35.00 per hour (Umbrella)Start Date: ASAPContract Type: Full-time, Long-termAre you an experienced construction professional with a passion for passing on your trade secrets to the next generation?We are seeking a knowledgeable and driven Construction Tutor to join our team in Durham. In this role, you will be instrumental in shaping the careers of T-Level students, balan
Job Title: Construction Tutor (T-Levels)Location: Durham (On-site)Pay Rate: £30.00 - £35.00 per hour (Umbrella)Start Date: ASAPContract Type: Full-time, Long-termAre you an experienced construction professional with a passion for passing on your trade secrets to the next generation?We are seeking a knowledgeable and driven Construction Tutor to join our team in Durham. In this role, you will be instrumental in shaping the careers of T-Level students, balan
Randstad are seeking a skilled and qualified Mobile Electrician to join our clients mobile team and carry out electrical day-to-day repairs, testing, maintenance, and installation work on a portfolio of properties in Sunderland. The Package:Competitive salary of up to £39,500 per annumPermanent, full-time vacancy.Monday to Friday work, 36 hours. Company van and fuel card.Generous company pension scheme.31 Annual Holidays plus bank holidays.Roles & Responsi
Randstad are seeking a skilled and qualified Mobile Electrician to join our clients mobile team and carry out electrical day-to-day repairs, testing, maintenance, and installation work on a portfolio of properties in Sunderland. The Package:Competitive salary of up to £39,500 per annumPermanent, full-time vacancy.Monday to Friday work, 36 hours. Company van and fuel card.Generous company pension scheme.31 Annual Holidays plus bank holidays.Roles & Responsi
Job Title: Site Gateman / Traffic MarshalPosition Type: Full-Time, Monday to Friday (39 hours per week)Pay Rate: £17.00 per hour (CIS/Umbrella)Location: High-Profile Tier 1 Construction SiteAre you an experienced Gateman or Traffic Marshal looking for a long-term, stable role on a major project? We are recruiting for a reliable Gateman to manage the front gate and site logistics for a leading Tier 1 contractor.This is a fantastic opportunity to work on a w
Job Title: Site Gateman / Traffic MarshalPosition Type: Full-Time, Monday to Friday (39 hours per week)Pay Rate: £17.00 per hour (CIS/Umbrella)Location: High-Profile Tier 1 Construction SiteAre you an experienced Gateman or Traffic Marshal looking for a long-term, stable role on a major project? We are recruiting for a reliable Gateman to manage the front gate and site logistics for a leading Tier 1 contractor.This is a fantastic opportunity to work on a w
🏗️ Groundworks Gang (Drainage Specialist): Stockton-on-TeesLocation: Stockton-on-Tees Rate: Up to £23.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: Monday Morning Duration: 2 Months+The Opportunity:We are looking for an experienced Groundworks Gang (2-3 man team) to start a drainage-heavy project in Stockton this coming Monday. At £23ph, we are looking for a crew that specializes in deep drainage and can work independently to hit production targets from day one.This is a
🏗️ Groundworks Gang (Drainage Specialist): Stockton-on-TeesLocation: Stockton-on-Tees Rate: Up to £23.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: Monday Morning Duration: 2 Months+The Opportunity:We are looking for an experienced Groundworks Gang (2-3 man team) to start a drainage-heavy project in Stockton this coming Monday. At £23ph, we are looking for a crew that specializes in deep drainage and can work independently to hit production targets from day one.This is a
Are you a hardworking labourer looking for long-term stability? We are currently recruiting for a reliable individual to join a major, large-scale commercial development in Bishop Auckland.This is an ongoing contract role on a high-profile site, offering consistent hours and steady work as the project progresses through its main construction phases.Key Responsibilities:Maintaining a safe, tidy, and hazard-free site by managing construction waste and cleari
Are you a hardworking labourer looking for long-term stability? We are currently recruiting for a reliable individual to join a major, large-scale commercial development in Bishop Auckland.This is an ongoing contract role on a high-profile site, offering consistent hours and steady work as the project progresses through its main construction phases.Key Responsibilities:Maintaining a safe, tidy, and hazard-free site by managing construction waste and cleari
Forward Tipping Dumper Operative - AshingtonLocation: Ashington Station Site (NE63 9XE)Position: Forward Tipping Dumper (FTD) OperativeContract Type: Temporary / ContractStart Date: ImmediateRate: Competitive hourly rate (dependent on experience)Job DescriptionWe are seeking an experienced and reliable Forward Tipping Dumper Operative to join our team on the high-profile infrastructure project at the Ashington Station site.Working alongside a team of civil
Forward Tipping Dumper Operative - AshingtonLocation: Ashington Station Site (NE63 9XE)Position: Forward Tipping Dumper (FTD) OperativeContract Type: Temporary / ContractStart Date: ImmediateRate: Competitive hourly rate (dependent on experience)Job DescriptionWe are seeking an experienced and reliable Forward Tipping Dumper Operative to join our team on the high-profile infrastructure project at the Ashington Station site.Working alongside a team of civil
Forward Tipping Dumper Operative - AshingtonLocation: Ashington Station Site (NE63 9XE)Position: Forward Tipping Dumper (FTD) OperativeContract Type: Temporary / ContractStart Date: ImmediateRate: Competitive hourly rate (dependent on experience)Job DescriptionWe are seeking an experienced and reliable Forward Tipping Dumper Operative to join our team on the high-profile infrastructure project at the Ashington Station site.Working alongside a team of civil
Forward Tipping Dumper Operative - AshingtonLocation: Ashington Station Site (NE63 9XE)Position: Forward Tipping Dumper (FTD) OperativeContract Type: Temporary / ContractStart Date: ImmediateRate: Competitive hourly rate (dependent on experience)Job DescriptionWe are seeking an experienced and reliable Forward Tipping Dumper Operative to join our team on the high-profile infrastructure project at the Ashington Station site.Working alongside a team of civil
Job Title: GroundworkerLocation: Consett, County DurhamPay Rate: £21.00 per hour (CIS)Contract Type: Temporary / ContractAbout the RoleWe are looking for an experienced and reliable Groundworker for an immediate start on a busy project in the Consett area. If you are a skilled operative with a strong work ethic and a solid background in civils and groundwork, we want to hear from you.Key ResponsibilitiesDeep drainage, pipe laying, and associated works.Kerb
Job Title: GroundworkerLocation: Consett, County DurhamPay Rate: £21.00 per hour (CIS)Contract Type: Temporary / ContractAbout the RoleWe are looking for an experienced and reliable Groundworker for an immediate start on a busy project in the Consett area. If you are a skilled operative with a strong work ethic and a solid background in civils and groundwork, we want to hear from you.Key ResponsibilitiesDeep drainage, pipe laying, and associated works.Kerb
Steelfixers Wanted - NorthumberlandLocation: Northumberland (Major new build site)Start Date: July 2026Rate: £23.00 per hour (CIS / Gross)Duration: Long-term, ongoing workWe are currently looking for experienced, reliable Steelfixers for a brand-new, large-scale civil engineering / construction project kicking off in Northumberland this July. This is a brilliant opportunity to secure steady, long-term work with a top-tier contractor on an ongoing scheme.Wh
Steelfixers Wanted - NorthumberlandLocation: Northumberland (Major new build site)Start Date: July 2026Rate: £23.00 per hour (CIS / Gross)Duration: Long-term, ongoing workWe are currently looking for experienced, reliable Steelfixers for a brand-new, large-scale civil engineering / construction project kicking off in Northumberland this July. This is a brilliant opportunity to secure steady, long-term work with a top-tier contractor on an ongoing scheme.Wh
Is your current contract coming to an end? Or are you looking for a Traffic Marshall / Gateman position to start ASAP? If you have a Traffic Marshall tickets, we want to hear from you! Location: Ashington, Northumberland Position: Traffic MarshallContract type: Temp Start date: ASAP Pay: £18 CIS / UMB or £15.32 PAYE rolled up Duration: 2 years for the right person Requirements: NPORS / CPCS in Vehicle Marshalling Randstad contact: The Trades team at Rand
Is your current contract coming to an end? Or are you looking for a Traffic Marshall / Gateman position to start ASAP? If you have a Traffic Marshall tickets, we want to hear from you! Location: Ashington, Northumberland Position: Traffic MarshallContract type: Temp Start date: ASAP Pay: £18 CIS / UMB or £15.32 PAYE rolled up Duration: 2 years for the right person Requirements: NPORS / CPCS in Vehicle Marshalling Randstad contact: The Trades team at Rand
Drainage Gang Required | CramlingtonRate: £23.00 per hour (CIS)Duration: OngoingLocation: CramlingtonWe are looking for an experienced Drainage Gang to start immediately on a long-term project in Cramlington. This is ongoing work for a crew that can hit the ground running and deliver high-quality results.Requirements:Tickets: Valid CSCS Cards for all members.Specialist Certs: At least one member must hold a valid EUSR (National Water Hygiene) card.Experien
Drainage Gang Required | CramlingtonRate: £23.00 per hour (CIS)Duration: OngoingLocation: CramlingtonWe are looking for an experienced Drainage Gang to start immediately on a long-term project in Cramlington. This is ongoing work for a crew that can hit the ground running and deliver high-quality results.Requirements:Tickets: Valid CSCS Cards for all members.Specialist Certs: At least one member must hold a valid EUSR (National Water Hygiene) card.Experien
Site Supervisor | DarlingtonRate: £220 per day (CIS)Location: DarlingtonSector: Civils & Housing (Plot Works)Start Date: ImmediateWe are looking for an experienced Site Supervisor to oversee plot works and groundworks for a residential development in Darlington. This is a key role for a civils-focused supervisor who understands the pace and precision required for housing infrastructure.The RoleYou will be responsible for the daily supervision of groundwork
Site Supervisor | DarlingtonRate: £220 per day (CIS)Location: DarlingtonSector: Civils & Housing (Plot Works)Start Date: ImmediateWe are looking for an experienced Site Supervisor to oversee plot works and groundworks for a residential development in Darlington. This is a key role for a civils-focused supervisor who understands the pace and precision required for housing infrastructure.The RoleYou will be responsible for the daily supervision of groundwork
360 Excavator Operator - Immediate Start in Darlington Position: 360 Excavator Operator / 360 OperativeLocation: Darlington Start Date: ASAP (Immediate Start)Duration: Ongoing (Long-term project)Hourly Rate: £20.00 - £23.00 per hour (CIS)Are you an experienced 360 Excavator Operator looking for immediate work in the Darlington area? We are seeking a reliable and skilled operator to join a fast-paced commercial construction project.The Role:You will be resp
360 Excavator Operator - Immediate Start in Darlington Position: 360 Excavator Operator / 360 OperativeLocation: Darlington Start Date: ASAP (Immediate Start)Duration: Ongoing (Long-term project)Hourly Rate: £20.00 - £23.00 per hour (CIS)Are you an experienced 360 Excavator Operator looking for immediate work in the Darlington area? We are seeking a reliable and skilled operator to join a fast-paced commercial construction project.The Role:You will be resp
👷 Skilled Finishing Groundworker (Flagging & Kerbing) - DurhamLocation: Durham (DH area)Rate: £20.00 - £22.00 per hour (CIS) (Dependent on experience) Start Date: ASAP Duration: Ongoing contract Hours: Standard site hours (approx. 40-45 hours per week)The Opportunity:Are you an experienced Groundworker who prides yourself on a high-quality finish? We are looking for a skilled Finishing Groundworker for a commercial/infrastructure project based in Durham.T
👷 Skilled Finishing Groundworker (Flagging & Kerbing) - DurhamLocation: Durham (DH area)Rate: £20.00 - £22.00 per hour (CIS) (Dependent on experience) Start Date: ASAP Duration: Ongoing contract Hours: Standard site hours (approx. 40-45 hours per week)The Opportunity:Are you an experienced Groundworker who prides yourself on a high-quality finish? We are looking for a skilled Finishing Groundworker for a commercial/infrastructure project based in Durham.T
We are seeking skilled and reliable Plumbers for an immediate start on a project in Newcastle. This is a temporary role lasting approximately 2 months. If you are looking for steady weekday work with great earning potential and no hassle travelling between jobs, this is the perfect project for you.PackageRate: £19 - £25 per hour (Depending on pay type)Hours: 38 - 40 hours per week (Monday to Friday)Overtime: Additional overtime opportunities availableDurat
We are seeking skilled and reliable Plumbers for an immediate start on a project in Newcastle. This is a temporary role lasting approximately 2 months. If you are looking for steady weekday work with great earning potential and no hassle travelling between jobs, this is the perfect project for you.PackageRate: £19 - £25 per hour (Depending on pay type)Hours: 38 - 40 hours per week (Monday to Friday)Overtime: Additional overtime opportunities availableDurat
Are you a Design Manager at present looking to work on the biggest projects in the North East, mainly across Hospital frameworks?If you have worked on P21 NHS frameworks and are experienced as an Assistant Design Manager or higher my client will want to see you! I am working with the most sought after Main Contractor in the North East who are offering a competitive salary, job security and progression alongside various benefits!BenefitsSalary up to £65,000
Are you a Design Manager at present looking to work on the biggest projects in the North East, mainly across Hospital frameworks?If you have worked on P21 NHS frameworks and are experienced as an Assistant Design Manager or higher my client will want to see you! I am working with the most sought after Main Contractor in the North East who are offering a competitive salary, job security and progression alongside various benefits!BenefitsSalary up to £65,000
Randstad C&P are currently seeking an experienced and motivated Mobile Air Conditioning/HVAC Engineer to join our clients growing team. This is an excellent opportunity for a skilled engineer to become part of a leading FM client. The Package:Competitive salary £38,000 - £44,000 (based on experience)Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm Company van, uniform, specialist tools, and fuel card provided28 days annual holiday including bank holidays Generous Pension cont
Randstad C&P are currently seeking an experienced and motivated Mobile Air Conditioning/HVAC Engineer to join our clients growing team. This is an excellent opportunity for a skilled engineer to become part of a leading FM client. The Package:Competitive salary £38,000 - £44,000 (based on experience)Monday to Friday, 8am to 5pm Company van, uniform, specialist tools, and fuel card provided28 days annual holiday including bank holidays Generous Pension cont
Here is a sharp, professional job advert tailored to attract experienced concrete finishers who can clear security checks quickly.Concrete Finishers - Alnwick, NorthumberlandLocation: Alnwick, NorthumberlandStart Date: ASAPRate: £22.00 per hour (CIS)Duration: Long-term, ongoing workClearance: Must be able to pass a high-level security clearance checkWe are urgently seeking experienced, high-calibre Concrete Finishers for a secure, major long-term project b
Here is a sharp, professional job advert tailored to attract experienced concrete finishers who can clear security checks quickly.Concrete Finishers - Alnwick, NorthumberlandLocation: Alnwick, NorthumberlandStart Date: ASAPRate: £22.00 per hour (CIS)Duration: Long-term, ongoing workClearance: Must be able to pass a high-level security clearance checkWe are urgently seeking experienced, high-calibre Concrete Finishers for a secure, major long-term project b
Are you an experienced Project/Senior Quantity Surveyor with a true passion for excellence looking to take your career to the next level? Do you thrive in fast-paced environments? If so, this is the perfect opportunity for you!A long-established UK construction and civil engineering firm are looking to expand their commercial team on a £50M Flood Defence Infrastructure project in the Dumfries area. They are looking for a Quantity surveyor with a background
Are you an experienced Project/Senior Quantity Surveyor with a true passion for excellence looking to take your career to the next level? Do you thrive in fast-paced environments? If so, this is the perfect opportunity for you!A long-established UK construction and civil engineering firm are looking to expand their commercial team on a £50M Flood Defence Infrastructure project in the Dumfries area. They are looking for a Quantity surveyor with a background
Do you want to grow your skills working for a recognised global brand in a challenging and quality driven manufacturing environment? The opportunity: Join our Client's Caterpillar's production team as an Inventory Counter, a key role responsible for the precise counting of production material across all product lines. You will be crucial in maintaining inventory accuracy by supporting Cycle/Test count programs, performing outgoing counts, and resolving d
Do you want to grow your skills working for a recognised global brand in a challenging and quality driven manufacturing environment? The opportunity: Join our Client's Caterpillar's production team as an Inventory Counter, a key role responsible for the precise counting of production material across all product lines. You will be crucial in maintaining inventory accuracy by supporting Cycle/Test count programs, performing outgoing counts, and resolving d
Job Role: Telehandler Operator (Housing)Location: BellinghamDuration: 12 Months (Long-term contract)Rate: £22 and hour CIS payableWe are looking for an experienced and reliable Telehandler Driver for a major new-build housing development. This is a long-term, 12-month contract offering excellent stability with a leading residential contractor.What We Are Looking For:Valid Ticket: You must hold a valid CPCS card (Blue preferred) or an NPORS ticket (with CSC
Job Role: Telehandler Operator (Housing)Location: BellinghamDuration: 12 Months (Long-term contract)Rate: £22 and hour CIS payableWe are looking for an experienced and reliable Telehandler Driver for a major new-build housing development. This is a long-term, 12-month contract offering excellent stability with a leading residential contractor.What We Are Looking For:Valid Ticket: You must hold a valid CPCS card (Blue preferred) or an NPORS ticket (with CSC
Job OverviewRole: Formwork / Shuttering JoinerLocation: Cambois, Northumberland (QTS/Blackstone Data Centre Site)Specific Task: Installing and erecting concrete beams / formwork structuresHours: Monday to Friday, 45 hours per weekPay Rate: £26.00 per hourGross Weekly Pay: £1,170.00Key Requirements (Standard for this Site)Given the scale of the £10bn hyperscale data centre development in Cambois, workers on this site will generally need to provide:CSCS Blue
Job OverviewRole: Formwork / Shuttering JoinerLocation: Cambois, Northumberland (QTS/Blackstone Data Centre Site)Specific Task: Installing and erecting concrete beams / formwork structuresHours: Monday to Friday, 45 hours per weekPay Rate: £26.00 per hourGross Weekly Pay: £1,170.00Key Requirements (Standard for this Site)Given the scale of the £10bn hyperscale data centre development in Cambois, workers on this site will generally need to provide:CSCS Blue
Do you want to grow your skills working for a recognised global brand in a challenging and quality driven manufacturing environment?Job: CNC MachinistBenefits:Full inductionOngoing trainingAuto Pension scheme enrolmentHours of Work and Salary:£18.98 Days£22.78 Backs£24.10 NightsOT 1.5 £25.34OT 2.0 £33.78Monday - Friday36 hours average per week3 shift pattern - days, lates and nights(rotation) Fixed term contract until Jan 2028Responsibilities: Setting and
Do you want to grow your skills working for a recognised global brand in a challenging and quality driven manufacturing environment?Job: CNC MachinistBenefits:Full inductionOngoing trainingAuto Pension scheme enrolmentHours of Work and Salary:£18.98 Days£22.78 Backs£24.10 NightsOT 1.5 £25.34OT 2.0 £33.78Monday - Friday36 hours average per week3 shift pattern - days, lates and nights(rotation) Fixed term contract until Jan 2028Responsibilities: Setting and
The Land Manager will play a critical role in supporting company's development and regeneration objectives by leading on the identification, acquisition,optioning, and consenting of land across the county.The post holder will proactively assemble deliverable sites, manage landowner andstakeholder relationships, and secure the necessary land interests and planning consentsrequired to enable housing, employment, regeneration, and infrastructure projects. The
The Land Manager will play a critical role in supporting company's development and regeneration objectives by leading on the identification, acquisition,optioning, and consenting of land across the county.The post holder will proactively assemble deliverable sites, manage landowner andstakeholder relationships, and secure the necessary land interests and planning consentsrequired to enable housing, employment, regeneration, and infrastructure projects. The
🏗️ Groundworkers: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth, NorthumberlandRate: £19.00 - £21.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: ASAPDuration: Ongoing (Long-term project pipeline)The Opportunity:We are looking for experienced, heavy-civils Groundworkers to join a flagship infrastructure project in Blyth. This is a long-term opportunity on a high-profile site, perfect for local operatives looking for stability and competitive regional rates.This proje
🏗️ Groundworkers: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth, NorthumberlandRate: £19.00 - £21.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: ASAPDuration: Ongoing (Long-term project pipeline)The Opportunity:We are looking for experienced, heavy-civils Groundworkers to join a flagship infrastructure project in Blyth. This is a long-term opportunity on a high-profile site, perfect for local operatives looking for stability and competitive regional rates.This proje
killed Labourer Required: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth Rate: £20.00 per hour (CIS)Start Date: This MondayDuration: Ongoing / Long-TermThe Opportunity:We are looking for a reliable and hardworking Skilled Labourer to join a flagship infrastructure project in Blyth. This is a long-term position on a high-profile site , perfect for an operative who has a "civils" mindset and is looking for a steady run of work.This is not a general swee
killed Labourer Required: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth Rate: £20.00 per hour (CIS)Start Date: This MondayDuration: Ongoing / Long-TermThe Opportunity:We are looking for a reliable and hardworking Skilled Labourer to join a flagship infrastructure project in Blyth. This is a long-term position on a high-profile site , perfect for an operative who has a "civils" mindset and is looking for a steady run of work.This is not a general swee
Drainage Gang Needed: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth, Northumberland (NE22 Area)Rate: Up to £23.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: June 2026Duration: Ongoing (Long-term, multi-phase civil project)Hours: Standard 45 hours per week (Monday - Friday)The Opportunity:We are looking for an established, highly experienced Drainage Gang (2-man or 3-man configuration) to join a flagship infrastructure development in Blyth starting on Monday 1st June
Drainage Gang Needed: Major Infrastructure Project (Blyth)Location: Blyth, Northumberland (NE22 Area)Rate: Up to £23.00 per hour (CIS) Start Date: June 2026Duration: Ongoing (Long-term, multi-phase civil project)Hours: Standard 45 hours per week (Monday - Friday)The Opportunity:We are looking for an established, highly experienced Drainage Gang (2-man or 3-man configuration) to join a flagship infrastructure development in Blyth starting on Monday 1st June
Are you a multi-skilled Finisher or Handyman with an eye for detail and a knack for snagging? We are seeking an experienced tradesperson to join a premium new build housing site in the Morpeth area for an ongoing contract.If you pride yourself on quality workmanship and want a long-term role getting plots handed over in flawless condition, this is the job for you.Key Responsibilities:Working from master snagging lists to complete final internal and externa
Are you a multi-skilled Finisher or Handyman with an eye for detail and a knack for snagging? We are seeking an experienced tradesperson to join a premium new build housing site in the Morpeth area for an ongoing contract.If you pride yourself on quality workmanship and want a long-term role getting plots handed over in flawless condition, this is the job for you.Key Responsibilities:Working from master snagging lists to complete final internal and externa